EVs are becoming more popular over the last several years because they emit no carbon dioxide at the tailpipe, have a higher powertrain efficiency, and reduce urban air pollution.
The footprint of EV manufacturers is affected heavily by the extraction of the materials necessary for producing Li-ion batteries.
Batteries can be reused for another five to seven years by using today's methods. Second-life batteries could reduce global warming emissions and energy consumption by 70%.
1. Pyrometallurgy
2. Hydrometallurgy
3. Direct recycling